R.S. Tiwari

Pressure of Domestic Demand and Export Performance in India

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REFERENCES

1. Exports of bicycles, transport equipment and others have been expressed in terms of values. These exports do not necessarily include re exports.
2. Relative export shares of India have fallen from 2.5. per cent in, 1947 to 1.1 per cent in 1961. Bhagwatt J. Desai, P., India, "Planning for industrialisation" pp. 370. In the same context over the period 1961 to 1975, please see, Kelker, V.L. and Sharma O.P., Foreign Trade Review, Vol. XI No.3, Oct.-Dec. 1976, pp. 283-288. Bhagwati has further shown that relative-export-shares of India have sharply declined in 1970 over 1948, i.e. 0.72 per cent from 2.6 per cent res- pectively Bhagwati, J.N. and Srinivasan, T.N., "Foreign Trade Regimes and Economic Development, India" (Macmillan 1975), pp. 19. And also see Banerji Ranadev, "Exports of Manufacturers from India" YCB MOHR (PAUL SIE BECK) TUNBINYNN, 1970, pp. 166.
3. Wadhava and Sharma by partial commodity concentration index have concluded that India has been able to successfully diversify its exports from one market to another over the period 1956 to 1971. Wadhava C.D. and Sharma O.P., "Growth concentration and diversification of India's Exports of Engineering Goods 1956-71" Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. X, No.14, April 5, 1975, pp. 593-595.
4. These import-markets consist more than 60 per cent bicycles exports from India over the period 1960-61 to 1974-75.
5. Ball, R.J., Eaton J.R. and Steuer M.D., "The Relationship between United Kingdom Export Performance in Manufactures and Internal Pressure of Demand" The Economic Journal, Vol. LXXVI, No. 393, Sept. 1966, pp. 501-517.
6. Henery, George B., "Domestic Demand Pressure and Shortrun Export Fluctuations", Yale Economic Essays, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 43-74.
7. Arthur Jaques, R., "The Shortrun Effects of Domestic Demand Pressure on British Export Performance", I.M.F. Staff Papers, Vol. XVII, No. 2, July 1970, pp. 247-276.
8. Cooper, R.A. and Hartly, K., "Export Performance and Pressure of Domestic Demand" (George Allen and Unwin Ltd., 1970), pp. 184-203.
9. Paul, Samuel and Mote, V.L., "Competitiveness of Exports: A Micro Level Approach". The Economic Journal, Vol. LXXX, Dec. 1970, pp 895-909.
10. Linder, S.B., Essays in Trade and Transformation, Stockholm, 1961.
11. Basevi, Giorgio, "Domestic Demand and Ability to Exports", Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 78, No. 2, March/April 1970, pp. 330-336.
12. Hsu, Robert C, "Changing Domestic Demand and Ability to Export" Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 80, No. 1, Jan./Feb. 1972, pp 198-202.
13. Ahmed, Jallal, "Domestic Demand and Ability to Exports in Developing Economies: Some Preliminary Results", World Development, Vol. 4, No. 8, Aug. 1976, pp. 681-685.
14. Banerji, Ranadev (Ref. No. 2), pp. 28-30.
15. NCAER, "Demand for Scooters".
16. Total Output of Bicycles for men, women and children has directly been added up and that collectively treated as "total bicycles output" over the period 1960-61 to 1970-71 Moreover, this data originally available at current producers' prices has been converted at 1961 base by deflating its total volues to that of its constructed indices at comparable base (producer's prices).
17. Moreover, export and import values of bicycles have converted into wholesale prices at 1961 base. This might have been possible through inflating export and import values to that of domestic price ratios for all the year under study. However, domestic price ratios have been derived by working out the differences between average export and import prices to that of its wholesale price indices (at comparable base).
18. Indices of per capita GDP at 1961 prices of Indian bicycles import markets have been derived by using the implicit GDP deflators at comparable base. Moreover, after having converted at US dollas the total GDP of each import market has been divided by corresponding population. And the averages of total GDP of all the import markets have been expressed in indices form at a comparable base.
19. Indices of internal demand pattern of selective import markets at a comparable base have been worked out by deflating each import value separately originally available at current US dollars by corresponding import prices. And finally additions ot imports at 1961 prices of selective import markets are expressed in indices form at comparable base.
20. Monthly Statistic of Foreign Trade, Deptt. of Commercial Intelligence, Calcutta Government of India, various issues
21. Annual Survey of Industrias, Census Sector, C.S.0., New Delhi, various issues.
22. Reserve Bank of India Bulletin, Bombay.
23. Wholesale Price Indices, Economic Adviser, Government of India, verious issues.
24. Intenational Financial Statistics (IFS), Furnished by Intemational Monetery Fund (IMF), various issues.
25. Monthly Bulletin of Statistics, United Nations, various issues.
26. World Table, furnished from World Bank, 1976.
27. Bhagwati J. N. and Srinivasan, T. N., Foreign Trade Regimes and Economic Development, Macmillan Company of India Ltd., 1976 pp. 133.
28. Approach to the Fifth Five Year Plan, Planning Commission, New Delhi.
29. Nayyar Deepak, "Indias's Export Performance in 1970s", Economic and Political Weekly, Special Issue, Vol XI, No 20, May 15, 1976, pp. 731 -742
30. Reference No 2, Bhagwati, J. and Desail, P., Planning for Industrialisation, pp. 147.